you should aggregate by column and then sum the results, try this:
Notice that, the patient name should should have a numerical counter for keeping track.
import pandas as pd
import datetime
import numpy as np
# this a dummy set, you should have already this in your data frame
dict_df = {'Patient': [1,2,3,4,5], 'Positive': ['Positive'] * 5, 'Date': [datetime.date(2020, 4, 21), datetime.date(2020, 4, 22), datetime.date(2020, 4, 21), datetime.date(2020, 4, 23), datetime.date(2020, 4, 22)]}
df = pd.DataFrame(dict_df)
# create a numerics counter
cases = df['Positive'].to_numpy()
counter = np.where(cases == 'Positive', 1, 0)
# add column to data frame
df['counter'] = counter
# use groupby and sum
results = df['counter'].groupby(df['Date']).sum()
print(results)
#Results
#Date Cases
#2020-04-21 2
#2020-04-22 2
#2020-04-23 1
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solved How to sum positive cases by date in python [closed]