If you want to do all the columns in your dataframe:
for col in df.columns:
sns.countplot(df[col])
. Otherwise, following the pattern in your question:
for i in range(1,11):
column='id_'+"{0}".format(i).zfill(2)
sns.countplot(df[column])
that will go through the numbers 1-10 and set column to the correct column name. zfill will make sure that for single digit numbers, column equals id_01 rather than id_1.
solved How to loop over an array of variables with the same form of name? [closed]