You should certainly read more on regex. A first hint is that when you want to capture a pattern you need to enclose it in parentheses. e.g. (\d+). For this example though, the code you need is:
match = re.match(r'C(\d+)([F|G])(\d+)\.PNG', s)
first_id = match.group(1)
fg_class = match.group(2)
second_id = match.group(3)
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solved How to extract data from formatted string using python?