continue will cause the remaining portion of the enclosing for or while loop body to be skipped. In your case, the for is the “enclosing” loop of continue and the while loop is the “enclosing” scope of the for loop.
According to (unofficial) documentation
The continue statement causes a jump, as if by goto to the end of the
loop body (it may only appear within the loop body of for, range-for,
while, and do-while loops).
solved how the continue statement works in for loop in C?