1) You should use this Maven archetype: maven-archetype-webapp
2) You link your database to your Java code with Hibernate. Read more here: http://www.tutorialspoint.com/hibernate/orm_overview.htm Then, you “generate” the XHTML page from your Java code.
3) The Spring framework is a very big thing to learn if you don’t know anything about Java web. Try servlets + jsp first. (I know you have to use Spring but without basic knowledge you won’t be able to)
4) It IS “server sided” by default, this only shows you are not aware of the technology.
5) No, they are separate modules.
I’m searching for some resources that can help you to start but without knowing how much you know it’s hard. I’m going to add links to my answer if I find any.
Read about these:
MVC pattern: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model%E2%80%93view%E2%80%93controller
Basic Spring Security: http://www.mkyong.com/spring-security/spring-security-hello-world-example/
Spring + Hibernate: http://www.mkyong.com/spring-security/spring-security-hibernate-annotation-example/
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solved How do I write a secure but simple loginscript using these technologies? [closed]