[Solved] Why is this recursive function not returning the value

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You need to return the value from you recursion…

function nth(list, index){
  console.log(index);
  if(index < 1){
    console.log("Success", list.value);
    return list.value;
  }
  else {
    console.log("Fail");
    list = list.rest;
    index--;
    return nth(list,index);
  }
}

Think like this –

Initial call I fails, so you recurse R1 and fail, then recurse R2 and succeed.

You correctly return the value from R2 to R1, but you must then return from R1 to I and back out the function.

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solved Why is this recursive function not returning the value