Lisp has cond
which Wikipedia’s source places in the 1956-1958 timeframe.
I invented conditional expressions in connection with a set of chess legal move routines I wrote in FORTRAN for the IBM 704 at M.I.T. during 1957-58…A paper defining conditional expressions and proposing their use in Algol was sent to the Communications of the ACM but was arbitrarily demoted to a letter to the editor, because it was very short.
— John McCarthy: Lisp Prehistory – Summer 1956 through Summer 1958
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solved Who invented the switch statement? [closed]