It’s part of the ES6 module system, described here. There is a helpful example in that documentation, also:
If a module defines a default export:
// foo.js export default function() { console.log("hello!") }
then you can import that default export by omitting the curly braces:
import foo from "foo"; foo(); // hello!
Update: As of June 2015, the module system is defined in §15.2 and the export
syntax in particular is defined in §15.2.3 of the ECMAScript 2015 specification.
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solved What is “export default” in JavaScript?