You use dot for 3 main reasons:
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Accessing members of a module: a module is simply a python file, and members can be variables, functions, classes and so on.
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Accessing modules within a package: a package is a directory containing a__init__ module. Some packages are nested and contain inner packages. You have to reach the innermost and then the module. For both you use dot syntax.
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And at last, accessing members of a class, for example method (functions) fields (variables) and so on.
In your above code random is a Python module and you are accessing its function randint.
solved Use of . in python? [duplicate]