To search for “foo” at position 42:
egrep '^.{42}foo'
You can run a command like this multiple times on your input:
egrep '^.{42}foo' inputfile.txt > lineswithfoo.txt
egrep '^.{42}bar' inputfile.txt > lineswithbar.txt
...
or as a loop:
for pattern in foo bar qux; do
egrep "^.{42}$pattern" inputfile.txt > lineswith$pattern.txt
done
solved Search for specific characters in specific positions of line