One way is to spread your data table using Country.Name
as key:
dat.spread <- dat %>% spread(key="Country.Name", value="inflation")
dat.spread %>% str
'data.frame': 50 obs. of 31 variables:
$ year : chr "1967" "1968" "1969" "1970" ...
$ Albania : num NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
$ Armenia : num NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
$ Brazil : num NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
[...]
But that forces you to transform the data which may seem undesirable. Afterwards, you can simply use cbind
to do the linear regression against all countries:
lm(cbind(Armenia, Brazil, Colombia, etc...) ~ Albania, data = dat.spread)
solved Linear regresion of rectangular table against one set of values