[Solved] I can not make the array global

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The usual pattern would be: public static final. That is a globally accessible and unmodifiable array reference:

public class GravityV1 {   

  public static final String[] PLANETS = {  "Mercury", "Venus", "Earth", "Mars", "Jupiter", "Saturn", "Uranus", "Pluto"};
  public static final int[] DIAMETERS = { 4876, 12107, 12755, 6794, 142983, 120536, 51117, 49527, 2390};
  public static final double[] MASSES = { 3.30e23, 4.87e24, 5.97e24, 6.42e23, 1.90e27, 5.69e26, 8.66e25, 1.03e26, 1.31e22};

  // ...

Note, that the naming conventions ask for capital names for constants (final statics). And that storing the three properties in three different array is not the best design. You should introduce a new class that holds those properties for each planet. Something like

public class Planet {
   private String name;
   private double mass;
   private int diameter;

   // Constructor

   // getters for the three fields
}

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solved I can not make the array global