Well, without the general knowledge of the problem it is almost impossible to answer your question. You basically specified the process of machine learning: Take input, study it, and generate some parameters of the model and then predict results for validation set. it is the insight you provide based on the problem itself as to which algo to use.
Usually neural nets generate good results in many different domains (that would be gradient decent learning rule algo). In many cases bayesian models perform really well, case based reasoning is often used for discrete, recurring inputs etc. It is up to you to choose one based on the definition of your problem
solved General Machine Learning Algorithm, Training Set -> “Predictor” [closed]