Regex can do that:
s = "asd[123]348dsdk[45]sdhj71[6789]sdfh"
import re
s_filter=" ".join(re.findall(r"\[(\d+)\]",s)))
print(s_filter)
Output:
123 45 6789
Pattern explained:
\[ \] are the literal square brackets
(\d+?) as as few numbers inside them as capture group
re.findall
finds them all and ' '.join(iterable)
combines them back into a string.
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solved Extract all numbers in brackets with Python [closed]