Simply put
asterisk < myArray[counter]
Means that it’s checking whether amount of asterisks is less than the value from myArray[counter].
So when you have
counter = 0
You also have
myArray[counter] = 12.
Which means in your inner for loop, it will print asterisks until asterisk
is no longer lesser than 12. Thus, going from 0-11 will print 12 asterisks.
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solved Do not understand how loop is determining how many asterisks to print