Are you looking for something like this?
SELECT *
FROM
(
SELECT 1 value UNION ALL
SELECT 2 UNION ALL
SELECT 3 UNION ALL
SELECT 4
) table1
Here is SQLFiddle demo
You can easily produce it in php like this using implode()
$myArr = array(1,2,3,4);
$sql="SELECT * FROM (SELECT ";
$sql .= implode(' value UNION ALL SELECT ', $myArr);
$sql .= ') table1';
Here is Codepad demo
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solved mysql user defined variables as derived table