Your C version does not print “0 1 2 0 1 2 …”. It prints “0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 …” instead.
If you want a Java program that does what your C version really does:
public class Program {
public static void main(String[] args) {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
System.out.println(i & 3);
}
}
}
I’ll leave figuring out how it works up to you.
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solved design a counter from 0-3 in java without %