{"id":4529,"date":"2022-08-23T06:52:48","date_gmt":"2022-08-23T01:22:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jassweb.com\/solved\/solved-confused-about-output-in-student-project\/"},"modified":"2022-08-23T06:52:48","modified_gmt":"2022-08-23T01:22:48","slug":"solved-confused-about-output-in-student-project","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jassweb.com\/solved\/solved-confused-about-output-in-student-project\/","title":{"rendered":"[Solved] Confused about output in student project"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Let me ruin it for you…<\/p>\n

Your basic logic seems both sound and overly complex at the same time.<\/p>\n

Here is some input:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. You defined a lot of methods for tasks that already exist. Always assume that Ruby has you covered, for any task you need – even if you’re wrong, searching through the documentation will open your mind to different options at your disposal.<\/li>\n
  2. You ignored the fact that the String is UTF8 encoded. so c.ord + cypher<\/code> might give you an unexpected value that isn’t UTF8 valid. Also, while '\u0434'.ord == 1076<\/code>, you should be aware that 1076.chr<\/code> would raise a RangeError<\/code> exception.<\/li>\n
  3. Assuming you expected ASCII values (using .ord<\/code> and .chr<\/code>), we should take into account the fact that bytes are limited to 8 bits (or one octet) – so the highest number for an encrypted byte is 255.<\/li>\n
  4. It is better to confine the methods to a namespace using a module – which I will not<\/strong> do here, since I have no idea at what point you are in your studies.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    The Caesar algorithm:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \n

      Turn the string into an array of numbers, each representing a letter… Oh wait, there’s a built in method that does that.String#bytes<\/code><\/a> returns an array of integers representing the value of each byte in the binary string.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    2. \n

      Iterate the array of numbers to change the array by adding the cypher number (use Array#map!<\/code><\/a> to change the array in-place). Here we just need to remember that bytes have an upper limit value of 255, so we should use the ‘modulu’ method Fixnum#%<\/code><\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    3. \n

      Now we just need to convert the array of bytes (with the new value) back to a string… Now we know that the String has a method to turn the string into an array of bytes, so it is only logical that the inverse would also be true – I would go with the Array#pack<\/code><\/a> method.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Here’s the gist of it as a sketch:<\/p>\n

       some_string.bytes.map! {|i| (i +\/- cypher) % 255 } .pack 'C*'\n # the +\/- refers to the question of encoding vs. decoding and won't work.\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      All you need is one line, really.<\/p>\n
      I would recommend that you assume that the language you use has almost any method you would ever need. So if you need to perform an action – such as taking a unicode string and converting it into an array of numbers (vs. the limit I introduced, which is a binary octet limit of 255) – Ruby has you covered.<\/p>\n
      Now, since my answer probably ruined the challenge to some degree – allow me to offer you back the challenge.<\/p>\n
      Rewrite the solution I offered so that it would work for UTF8 strings (the standard encoding), allowing you a stronger encryption as the cypher’s limit will be the higher UTF8 encoding limit rather than the 255 limit for a byte.<\/p>\n
      EDIT<\/strong><\/p>\n
      Since the “one line” concept made the answer look more advanced than it was, here’s what that code would look like if it was multi-line:<\/p>\n
      # the encryption method takes a string and a number\ndef caesar_encrypt string, cypher\n   # string.bytes will return an array of numbers.\n   # The numbers are between 0 and 255 (8 bits or 1 byte)\n   # https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Byte\n   array = string.bytes\n   # using the Array.map! changes the array in place.\n   # it's the same as: array = array.map {...}\n   # the format: { ... } is a one line block, similar to the do ... end.\n   array.map! do |i|\n      (i + cypher) % 255\n   end\n   # array.pack is used for taking objects in an array and transforming them\n   # to a string. the 'C*' means we are packing bytes together to a string.\n   # There are more options such as 'N*' which would pack 32 bit numbers into\n   # a string. It's a great way to save or manipulate binary data,\n   # which is at the core of all digital data.\n   array.pack 'C*'\nend\ndef caesar_decrypt\n   caesar_encrypt string, (0-cypher)\nend\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      Notice that Array#pack<\/code> might be a bit advanced and using your original solution will also work… now that we are using bytes, Fixnum#chr<\/code> should work as expected.<\/p>\n
      def caesar_encrypt string, cypher\n   array = string.bytes\n   array.map! do |i|\n      (i + cypher) % 255\n   end\n   out = \"\"\n   array.each {|c| out << c.chr}\n   out\nend\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
      <\/div>\n<\/div>\n
                  3<\/span> <\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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      solved Confused about output in student project <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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Always assume that Ruby has you covered, for any task you need – even if you’re wrong, searching through the … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[320],"tags":[455],"class_list":["post-4529","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-solved","tag-ruby"],"yoast_head":"\n[Solved] Confused about output in student project - JassWeb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jassweb.com\/solved\/solved-confused-about-output-in-student-project\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"[Solved] Confused about output in student project - JassWeb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[ad_1] Let me ruin it for you… Your basic logic seems both sound and overly complex at the same time. 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