{"id":18855,"date":"2022-11-02T04:29:02","date_gmt":"2022-11-01T22:59:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jassweb.com\/solved\/solved-selection-of-face-of-a-stl-by-face-normal-value-threshold\/"},"modified":"2022-11-02T04:29:02","modified_gmt":"2022-11-01T22:59:02","slug":"solved-selection-of-face-of-a-stl-by-face-normal-value-threshold","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jassweb.com\/solved\/solved-selection-of-face-of-a-stl-by-face-normal-value-threshold\/","title":{"rendered":"[Solved] Selection of Face of a STL by Face Normal value Threshold"},"content":{"rendered":"

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I’m sure there’s a python library to load stl files, but I’ve always just written my own, since the file format is pretty simple (see the Wikipedia article<\/a> for file format description).<\/p>\n

Here is my code to read the stl file:<\/p>\n

import numpy as np\nimport struct\n\ndef Unique(inputList):\n      \"\"\" \n      Given an M x N list, this function gets the unique rows by treating all\n      M Ntuples as single objects. This function also returns the indexing\n      to convert the unique returned list back to the original non-unique list.\n      \"\"\"\n\n      hashTable=dict()\n\n      indexList=[]\n      uniqueList=[]\n\n      indx=0\n      for ntuple in inputList:\n            if not ntuple in hashTable:\n                hashTable[ntuple]=indx\n                indexList.append(indx)\n                uniqueList.append(ntuple)\n                indx+=1\n            else:\n                indexList.append(hashTable.get(ntuple))      \n\n      return uniqueList, indexList\n\n\ndef IsBinarySTL(filename):\n    try:\n        with open(filename,'r') as f:\n              test=f.readline()\n    except UnicodeDecodeError:\n        return True\n\n    if len(test) < 5:\n        return True\n    elif test[0:5].lower() == 'solid':\n        return False  # ASCII STL\n    else:\n        return True\n\ndef ReadSTL(filename):\n    \"\"\" Returns numpy arrays for vertices and facet indexing \"\"\"\n    def GetListFromASCII(filename):\n        \"\"\" Returns vertex listing from ASCII STL file \"\"\"\n        outputList=[]\n\n        with open(filename,'r') as f:\n            lines=[line.split() for line in f.readlines()]\n        for line in lines:\n            if line[0] == 'vertex':\n                    outputList.append(tuple([float(x) for x in line[1:]]))\n        return outputList\n\n    def GetListFromBinary(filename):\n        \"\"\" Returns vertex listing from binary STL file \"\"\"\n        outputList=[]\n        with open(filename,'rb') as f:\n            f.seek(80) # skip header\n            nFacets=struct.unpack('I',f.read(4))[0] # number of facets in piece\n\n            for i in range(nFacets):\n                  f.seek(12,1) # skip normal\n                  outputList.append(struct.unpack('fff',f.read(12))) # append each vertex triple to list (each facet has 3 vertices)\n                  outputList.append(struct.unpack('fff',f.read(12))) \n                  outputList.append(struct.unpack('fff',f.read(12)))\n                  f.seek(2,1) # skip attribute\n        return outputList\n\n    if IsBinarySTL(filename):\n        vertexList = GetListFromBinary(filename)\n    else:\n        vertexList = GetListFromASCII(filename)\n\n    coords, tempindxs = Unique(vertexList)\n\n    indxs = list()\n    templist = list()\n    for i in range(len(tempindxs)):\n        if (i > 0 ) and not (i % 3):\n            indxs.append(templist)\n            templist = list()\n        templist.append(tempindxs[i])\n    indxs.append(templist)\n\n    return np.array(coords), np.array(indxs)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
And here is code to compute the facet normals (assuming right-hand-rule)<\/p>\n
def GetNormals(vertices, facets):\n    \"\"\" Returns normals for each facet of mesh \"\"\"\n    u = vertices[facets[:,1],:] - vertices[facets[:,0],:]\n    v = vertices[facets[:,2],:] - vertices[facets[:,0],:]\n    normals = np.cross(u,v)\n    norms = np.sqrt(np.sum(normals*normals, axis=1))\n    return normals\/norms[:, np.newaxis]\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Finally, code to write out the stl file (assuming a list of attributes for each facet):<\/p>\n
def WriteSTL(filename, vertices, facets, attributes, header):\n    \"\"\"\n    Writes vertices and facets to an stl file. Notes:\n    1.) header can not be longer than 80 characters\n    2.) length of attributes must be equal to length of facets\n    3.) attributes must be integers\n    \"\"\"\n    nspaces = 80 - len(header)\n    header += nspaces*'\\0'\n\n    nFacets = np.shape(facets)[0]\n    stl = vertices[facets,:].tolist()\n\n    with open(filename,'wb') as f: # binary\n        f.write(struct.pack('80s', header.encode('utf-8'))) # header\n        f.write(struct.pack('I',nFacets)) # number of facets\n        for i in range(nFacets):\n            f.write(struct.pack('fff',0,0,0)) # normals set to 0\n            for j in range(3):\n                f.write(struct.pack('fff',stl[i][j][0], stl[i][j][1], stl[i][j][2])) # 3 vertices per facet \n            f.write(struct.pack(\"H\", attributes[i])) # 2-byte attribute\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Putting this all together, you can do something like the following:<\/p>\n
if __name__ == \"__main__\":\n    filename = \"bunny.stl\"\n\n    vertices, facets = ReadSTL(filename)  # parse stl file\n    normals = GetNormals(vertices, facets)  # compute normals\n\n    # Get some value related to normals\n    attributes = []\n    for i in range(np.shape(normals)[0]):\n        attributes.append(int(255*np.sum(normals[i])**2))\n\n    # Write new stl file\n    WriteSTL(\"output.stl\", vertices, facets, attributes, \"stlheader\")\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
this code snippet reads an stl file, computes the normals, and then assigns an attribute value based on the squared-sum of each normal (note that the attribute must be an integer).<\/p>\n
The input and output of this script look like the following:
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solved Selection of Face of a STL by Face Normal value Threshold <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
[ad_1] I’m sure there’s a python library to load stl files, but I’ve always just written my own, since the file format is pretty simple (see the Wikipedia article for file format description). Here is my code to read the stl file: import numpy as np import struct def Unique(inputList): “”” Given an M x … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[320],"tags":[2793,4536,4537,349],"class_list":["post-18855","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-solved","tag-mesh","tag-meshlab","tag-numpy-stl","tag-python"],"yoast_head":"\n[Solved] Selection of Face of a STL by Face Normal value Threshold - JassWeb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jassweb.com\/solved\/solved-selection-of-face-of-a-stl-by-face-normal-value-threshold\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"[Solved] Selection of Face of a STL by Face Normal value Threshold - JassWeb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[ad_1] I’m sure there’s a python library to load stl files, but I’ve always just written my own, since the file format is pretty simple (see the Wikipedia article for file format description). Here is my code to read the stl file: import numpy as np import struct def Unique(inputList): """ Given an M x ... 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