{"id":12718,"date":"2022-10-01T16:32:01","date_gmt":"2022-10-01T11:02:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jassweb.com\/solved\/solved-c-program-to-count-comment-lines-and\/"},"modified":"2022-10-01T16:32:01","modified_gmt":"2022-10-01T11:02:01","slug":"solved-c-program-to-count-comment-lines-and","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jassweb.com\/solved\/solved-c-program-to-count-comment-lines-and\/","title":{"rendered":"[Solved] C Program to count comment lines (\/\/ and \/* *\/)"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\n<\/p>\n

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<\/div>\n
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You can write a state machine that should handle most cases.<\/p>\n

As you scan the file, you’ll be in one of the following states:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. TEXT – regular (non-commented) text; this is the state you’ll start in. Any newline seen in this state will cause the total-lines counter to be incremented.<\/li>\n
  2. SAW_SLASH – You’ve seen a single \/<\/code>, which may be the start of a single- or multi-line comment. If the next character is a \/<\/code>, you’ll go into the SINGLE_COMMENT state. If the next character is a *<\/code>, you’ll go into the MULTI_COMMENT state. For any other character, you go back into the TEXT state. <\/li>\n
  3. SINGLE_COMMENT – you’ve seen the \/\/<\/code> token; you will stay in this state until you see a newline character; once you see the newline character you’ll increment the number of single-line comments as well as total lines, and go back to the TEXT state.<\/li>\n
  4. MULTI_COMMENT – you’ve seen the \/*<\/code> token; you will stay in this state until you see the next *\/<\/code> token. Any newline you see in this state will cause the multi-comment line counter to be incremented along with the total lines. <\/li>\n
  5. SAW_STAR – While in the MULTI_COMMENT state, you’ve seen a single *<\/code>. If the next character is \/<\/code>, you’ll go back to the TEXT state. If the next character is *<\/code>, you’ll stay in the SAW_STAR state. Otherwise you’ll go back to the MULTI_COMMENT state.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    There are edge cases that I’m not dealing with (such as encountering an EOF while in a comment state), but the following should be a reasonable example of how you can do stuff like this. <\/p>\n

    Note that nested comments won’t be counted; i.e., if a \/\/<\/code>-delimited comment appears within a \/* *\/<\/code>-delimited comment, only the multi-comment counter will be updated. <\/p>\n

    You will probably want to factor the counting logic into its own function; just trying to keep the example as straightforward as I can.<\/p>\n

    #include <stdio.h>\n#include <stdlib.h>\n\n\/**\n * Count up the number of total lines, single-comment lines,\n * and multi-comment lines in a file.\n *\/\nint main(int argc, char **argv)\n{\n  FILE *fp;\n  int c;\n  unsigned int chars  = 0;\n  unsigned int total  = 0;\n  unsigned int multi  = 0;\n  unsigned int single = 0;\n\n  enum states { TEXT, \n                SAW_SLASH, \n                SAW_STAR, \n                SINGLE_COMMENT, \n                MULTI_COMMENT } state = TEXT;\n\n  if ( argc < 2 )\n  {\n    fprintf(stderr, \"USAGE: %s <filename>\\n\", argv[0]);\n    exit(0);\n  }\n\n  fp = fopen( argv[1], \"r\" );\n  if ( !fp )\n  {\n    fprintf(stderr, \"Cannot open file %s\\n\", argv[1] );\n    exit(0);\n  }\n\n  while ( (c = fgetc( fp )) != EOF )\n  {\n    chars++;\n    switch( state )\n    {\n      case TEXT :\n        switch( c )\n        {\n          case \"https:\/\/stackoverflow.com\/\"  : state = SAW_SLASH; break;\n          case '\\n' : total++; \/\/ fall-through\n          default   : break;\n        }\n        break;\n\n      case SAW_SLASH :\n        switch( c )\n        {\n          case \"https:\/\/stackoverflow.com\/\"  : state = SINGLE_COMMENT; break;\n          case '*'  : state = MULTI_COMMENT; break;\n          case '\\n' : total++; \/\/ fall through\n          default   : state = TEXT; break;\n        }\n        break;\n\n      case SAW_STAR :\n        switch( c )\n        {\n          case \"https:\/\/stackoverflow.com\/\"  : state = TEXT; multi++; break;\n          case '*'  : break;\n          case '\\n' : total++; multi++; \/\/ fall through\n          default   : state = MULTI_COMMENT; break;\n        }\n        break;\n\n      case SINGLE_COMMENT :\n        switch( c )\n        {\n          case '\\n' : state = TEXT; total++; single++; \/\/ fall through\n          default   : break;\n        }\n        break;\n\n      case MULTI_COMMENT :\n        switch( c )\n        {\n          case '*'  : state = SAW_STAR; break;\n          case '\\n' : total++; multi++; \/\/ fall through\n          default   : break;\n        }\n        break;\n\n      default: \/\/ NOT REACHABLE\n        break;\n    }\n  }\n\n  fclose(fp);\n\n  printf( \"File                 : %s\\n\", argv[1] );\n  printf( \"Total lines          : %8u\\n\", total );\n  printf( \"Single-comment lines : %8u\\n\", single );\n  printf( \"Multi-comment lines  : %8u\\n\", multi );\n  return 0;\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    EDIT<\/strong><\/p>\n
    Here’s a table-driven equivalent to the program above.  I create a state<\/code> table to control state transitions and an action<\/code> table to control what happens when I change state.  <\/p>\n
    #include <stdio.h>\n#include <stdlib.h>\n#include <ctype.h>\n\n\/**\n * Using preprocessor macros instead of enums, per request; normally\n * I would use enums, since they obey scoping rules and\n * show up in debuggers.\n *\/\n#define TEXT           0\n#define SAW_SLASH      1\n#define SAW_STAR       2\n#define SINGLE_COMMENT 3\n#define MULTI_COMMENT  4\n\n#define TOTAL_STATES   5\n\n#define NO_ACTION      0\n#define INC_TOTAL      1\n#define INC_SINGLE     2\n#define INC_MULTI      4\n\n\/**\n * This example assumes 7-bit ASCII, for a total of\n * 128 character encodings.  You'll want to change this\n * to handle other encodings.\n *\/\n#define ENCODINGS    128\n\n\/**\n * Need a state table to control state transitions and an action\n * table to specify what happens on a transition.  Each table\n * is indexed by the state and the next input character.\n *\/\nstatic int  state[TOTAL_STATES][ENCODINGS]; \/\/ Since these tables are declared at file scope, they will be initialized to\nstatic int action[TOTAL_STATES][ENCODINGS]; \/\/ all elements 0, which correspond to the \"default\" states defined above.\n\n\/**\n * Initialize our state table.\n *\/\nvoid initState( int (*state)[ENCODINGS] )\n{\n  \/**\n   * If we're in the TEXT state and see a \"https:\/\/stackoverflow.com\/\" character, move to the SAW_SLASH\n   * state, otherwise stay in the TEXT state\n   *\/\n  state[TEXT][\"https:\/\/stackoverflow.com\/\"] = SAW_SLASH;\n\n  \/**\n   * If we're in the SAW_SLASH state, we can go one of three ways depending\n   * on the next character.\n   *\/\n  state[SAW_SLASH][\"https:\/\/stackoverflow.com\/\"] = SINGLE_COMMENT;\n  state[SAW_SLASH]['*'] = MULTI_COMMENT;\n  state[SAW_SLASH]['\\n'] = TEXT;\n\n  \/**\n   * For all but a few specific characters, if we're in any one of\n   * the SAW_STAR, SINGLE_COMMENT, or MULTI_COMMENT states,\n   * we stay in that state.\n   *\/\n  for ( size_t i = 0; i < ENCODINGS; i++ )\n  {\n    state[SAW_STAR][i] = MULTI_COMMENT;\n    state[SINGLE_COMMENT][i] = SINGLE_COMMENT;\n    state[MULTI_COMMENT][i] = MULTI_COMMENT;\n  }\n\n  \/**\n   * Exceptions to the loop above.\n   *\/\n  state[SAW_STAR][\"https:\/\/stackoverflow.com\/\"] = TEXT;\n  state[SAW_STAR]['*'] = SAW_STAR;\n\n  state[SINGLE_COMMENT]['\\n'] = TEXT;\n  state[MULTI_COMMENT]['*'] = SAW_STAR;\n}\n\n\/**\n * Initialize our action table\n *\/\nvoid initAction( int (*action)[ENCODINGS] )\n{\n  action[TEXT]['\\n'] = INC_TOTAL;\n  action[SAW_STAR][\"https:\/\/stackoverflow.com\/\"] = INC_MULTI;\n  action[MULTI_COMMENT]['\\n'] = INC_MULTI | INC_TOTAL;   \/\/ Multiple actions are bitwise-OR'd\n  action[SINGLE_COMMENT]['\\n'] = INC_SINGLE | INC_TOTAL; \/\/ together\n  action[SAW_SLASH]['\\n'] = INC_TOTAL;\n}\n\n\/**\n * Scan the input file for comments\n *\/\nvoid countComments( FILE *stream, size_t *totalLines, size_t *single, size_t *multi )\n{\n  *totalLines = *single = *multi = 0;\n\n  int c;\n  int curState = TEXT, curAction = NO_ACTION;\n\n  while ( ( c = fgetc( stream ) ) != EOF )\n  {\n    curAction = action[curState][c]; \/\/ Read the action before we overwrite the state\n    curState = state[curState][c];   \/\/ Get the new state (which may be the same as the old state)\n\n    if ( curAction & INC_TOTAL )     \/\/ Execute the action.\n      (*totalLines)++;\n\n    if ( curAction & INC_SINGLE )\n      (*single)++;\n\n    if ( curAction & INC_MULTI )\n      (*multi)++;\n  }\n}\n\n\/**\n * Main function.\n *\/\nint main( int argc, char **argv )\n{\n  \/**\n   * Input sanity check\n   *\/\n  if ( argc < 2 )\n  {\n    fprintf( stderr, \"USAGE: %s <filename>\\n\", argv[0] );\n    exit( EXIT_FAILURE );\n  }\n\n  \/**\n   * Open the input file\n   *\/\n  FILE *fp = fopen( argv[1], \"r\" );\n  if ( !fp )\n  {\n    fprintf( stderr, \"Cannot open file %s\\n\", argv[1] );\n    exit( EXIT_FAILURE );\n  }\n\n  \/**\n   * If input file was successfully opened, initialize our\n   * state and action tables.\n   *\/\n  initState( state );\n  initAction( action );\n\n  size_t totalLines, single, multi;\n\n  \/**\n   * Do the thing.\n   *\/\n  countComments( fp, &totalLines, &single, &multi );\n  fclose( fp );\n\n  printf( \"File                 : %s\\n\", argv[1] );\n  printf( \"Total lines          : %zu\\n\", totalLines );\n  printf( \"Single-comment lines : %zu\\n\", single );\n  printf( \"Multi-comment lines  : %zu\\n\", multi );\n\n  return EXIT_SUCCESS;\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Running the file on itself gives us<\/p>\n
    $ .\/comment_counter comment_counter.c\nFile                 : comment_counter.c\nTotal lines          : 150\nSingle-comment lines : 7\nMulti-comment lines  : 42\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    which I think is right.  This has all the same weaknesses as the first version, just in a different form.  <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n
                5<\/span> <\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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    solved C Program to count comment lines (\/\/ and \/* *\/) <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    [ad_1] You can write a state machine that should handle most cases. As you scan the file, you’ll be in one of the following states: TEXT – regular (non-commented) text; this is the state you’ll start in. Any newline seen in this state will cause the total-lines counter to be incremented. SAW_SLASH – You’ve seen … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[320],"tags":[324,379,914,493,1554],"class_list":["post-12718","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-solved","tag-c","tag-comments","tag-count","tag-file","tag-line"],"yoast_head":"\n[Solved] C Program to count comment lines (\/\/ and \/* *\/) - JassWeb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jassweb.com\/solved\/solved-c-program-to-count-comment-lines-and\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"[Solved] C Program to count comment lines (\/\/ and \/* *\/) - JassWeb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[ad_1] You can write a state machine that should handle most cases. 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